1. Uthini umgaqo-siseko osisiseko wokusebenza kobushushu? IiNkcazo zeeMveliso
Umthetho-siseko osisiseko wokutshintsha ubushushu kukudlulisa ubushushu ukusuka-kulwelo oluphezulu lobushushu ukuya kulwelo oluphantsi-lobushushu obuphantsi{2}}ngaphandle konxulumano oluthe ngqo phakathi kokubini{3}}ngokusebenzisa ukuhanjiswa kobushushu kunye nokuhamba.
Ulwelo oluphezulu-lobushushu lukhupha ubushushu, obuthi budluliselwe ngodonga lotshintshiselwano lobushushu.
Ubushushu buqhutywa ngodonga lwentsimbi (okanye indawo yokutshintsha ubushushu).
Ulwelo{0}}lobushushu obuphantsi bufunxa ubushushu, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunyukeni okanye ekwehleni kobushushu.
Yonke le nkqubo ithobela umthetho wesibini we-thermodynamics, apho ubushushu buphuma ngokuzenzekelayo ukusuka kwiqondo lobushushu obuphezulu ukuya kwiqondo elisezantsi.
II. Zibudlulisa njani ubushushu ubushushu?
Abatshintshi bokushisa ngokuyinhloko bafezekisa ukuhanjiswa kobushushu ngokufanelekileyo ngeendlela ezimbini: ukuqhuba kunye ne-convection.
• Ukuqhuba: Ubushushu bukhutshelwa ngodonga lwentsimbi ukusuka kwicala{0}}lobushushu obuphezulu ukuya kwicala{1}}lobushushu obuphantsi.
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• I-Convection: Ulwelo oluqukuqela macala omabini eludongeni ngokuqhubekayo luthwala ubushushu okanye bubukhuphe.
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• Isiphumo esidityanisiweyo: Ukudityaniswa kokuqhutywa kunye nokuhanjiswa kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokugqithisela ubushushu.
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Ugqithiso lobushushu obutshisayo lunokwenzeka kwezinye izixhobo, nangona ludlala indima encinci kwimizi-mveliso yokutshintshiselana kobushushu.
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3. Ngawaphi amalungiselelo okuhamba okuqhelekileyo kwiindawo zokutshintsha ubushushu?
Ngokusekwe kwicala lokuhamba kolwelo, kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zokuqukuqela zabatshintshi bobushushu:
Co-umqukuqelo wangoku (ukuhamba ngokunxuseneyo): Ulwelo olubini luqukuqela kwicala elinye, kwaye umahluko weqondo lobushushu uyehla kancinci.
Ikhawuntara-umqukuqele wangoku (ikhawunta{1}}): Ulwelo olubini luqukuqela lusiya kumacala ahlukeneyo, lunikezela ngeyona ndlela iphezulu yokuhambisa ubushushu.
-ukuqukuqela: Ulwelo olubini luqukuqela ngokwe-perpendicular; olu qwalaselo luhlangene kwaye lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi.
Phakathi kwezi, ikhawuntara-ilungiselelo langoku lisetyenziswa rhoqo kwizicelo zemizi-mveliso apho kufuneka ukusebenza ngempumelelo okuphezulu.
4. Isakhiwo sangaphakathi somtshintshi wokushisa sichaphazela njani inkqubo yokutshintshwa kobushushu?
Uyilo lwesakhiwo lumisela ngokuthe ngqo indawo yokutshintshwa kobushushu, ukuhanjiswa kwesantya sokuhamba, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Indawo yokudlulisa ubushushu enkulu ikhokelela kumthamo omkhulu wokukhutshelwa kobushushu kwiyunithi nganye yexesha.
Uyilo lomjelo ohambayo uphembelela iqondo lokudubuleka kolwelo; isiphithiphithi esiphezulu sikhokelela kugqithiso lobushushu olusebenzayo.
I-thermal conductivity ephezulu yezinto zodonga kubangela ukuchasana kwe-thermal.
Ulungelelwaniso oluqhelekileyo luquka iqokobhe-kunye{1}}netyhubhu, ipleyiti, kunye neentlobo ezijijekileyo, nganye ineempawu zokuhambisa ubushushu.
5. Ziziphi iifomyula eziphambili ezisebenzayo ngexesha lokusebenza komtshintshi wokushisa?
Iinkqubo zokudlulisa ubushushu zingachazwa ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa i-equation esisiseko yokudluliselwa kobushushu.
Inxaki yokhutshelo olusisiseko:
Q=U × A × ΔTlm
Apho:
Umbuzo: Izinga lokutshintshela ubushushu (W)
U: Ugqithiso lobushushu lulonke (W/m²·K)
A: Indawo yokutshintsha ubushushu (m²)
ΔTlm: Logarithmic ithetha umahluko wobushushu
Amanqaku eequation:
Ukunyusa i-U okanye u-A kunokwandisa kakhulu umthamo wokuhambisa ubushushu.
Umahluko omkhulu wobushushu ukhokelela kumandla okuqhuba anamandla okuhambisa ubushushu.
6. Ziziphi izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwabatshintshi bokushisa?
Ukugqithiswa kobushushu kuchaphazeleka ngokudibeneyo zizinto ezahlukeneyo zobunjineli.
Iimpawu ze-Fluid: Umthamo wokushisa okhethekileyo, i-thermal conductivity, i-viscosity, njl.
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Isantya sokuqukuqela: Izantya eziphezulu zokuqukuqela ngokubanzi zongeza ukuhanjiswa kobushushu kodwa zikwanyusa ukumelana nokuqukuqela.
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I-Fouling factor: Ukuhlambalaza kwandisa ukuxhathisa kwe-thermal kwaye kunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle.
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Indawo yokudlulisa ubushushu: Indawo engonelanga imisela ubungakanani bomthamo wobushushu.
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Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga neeyunithi zokutshintsha ubushushu okanye unomdla wokuthenga, nceda uthumele i-imeyile ku- 9988xiaoshuai@gmail.com, siya kukuphendula kwangethuba emva kokubona umyalezo!
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