Zeziphi izitshintshi zobushushu ezisetyenziswa kwishishini lemichiza?
A: Izitshintshi zobushushu ezisetyenziswa kushishino lweekhemikhali zizixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokutshintshiselana kobushushu ezenzelwe ukumelana neemeko ezirhabaxa zokusebenza zemveliso yeekhemikhali (ezifana nobushushu obuphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukubola okunamandla, kunye-nokuxuba imidiya emininzi). Umsebenzi wabo ophambili kukutshintshiselana ngobushushu ngeendlela ezinjengokunxibelelana okungathanga ngqo, ukuxuba, okanye iinkqubo zokuhlaziya.Ivumela ukuhanjiswa kobushushu phakathi kwamanzi amabini okanye ngaphezulu kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo, ngaloo ndlela ihlangabezana neemfuno zolawulo lobushushu lokufudumeza, ukupholisa, kunye nenkunkuma yokubuyisa ubushushu kwiinkqubo zemichiza. umgangatho.Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zesakhiwo ziquka igobolondo kunye nohlobo lwetyhubhu, uhlobo lwepleyiti, uhlobo lwenxeba elijikelezayo, njl.
Ziziphi iimpawu zemveliso engundoqo zabatshintshi bobushushu ezisetyenziswa kwishishini lemichiza?
A: Iimpawu zokutshintsha ubushushu ezisetyenziswa kushishino lweekhemikhali ziyilwe ikakhulu malunga nobunzima kunye nobunzima beemeko zokusebenza kweekhemikhali, kunye neempawu eziphambili ziquka oku kulandelayo:
1.-Ukusebenza kakuhle kokufudumeza ubushushu: Ngokulungisa uyilo lolwakhiwo, ukutshintshiselana kobushushu kungaphuculwa. Umzekelo, kwiqokobhe kunye netyhubhu yokutshintshiselana kobushushu, ii-baffles zisetyenziselwa ukukhokela ulwelo ukwenza isiphithiphithi, esinokunyusa ukuqina kwesiphithiphithi ngama-40% kunye ne-coefficient yokuhambisa ubushushu iyonke ngama-20% -}30%. Ukusebenzisa imathiriyeli yombhobho ekhethekileyo njengemibhobho e-spiral enentambo kunye nemibhobho emdaka inokuphucula ngakumbi ukuhanjiswa kobushushu, ukuhanjiswa kobushushu kunye noyilo lwe-3-50 yokubuyisela ubushushu ngokusebenza kakuhle kwe-3% ingagqitha kuma-95%.
2. Ukulungelelaniswa okunamandla kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza: Inokushisa okubanzi kunye nokuguquguquka koxinzelelo, kunye nomgangatho wokushisa we- - i-196 i-degree ukuya kwi-1800℃kunye nokumelana noxinzelelo olungaphezulu kwe-40MPa, kwaye iyakwazi ukulungelelanisa kwiimeko zokusebenza ezigqithisileyo ezifana ne-supercritical kunye neqondo lokushisa eliphezulu. Ngokomzekelo, uhlobo lwentloko edadayo kunye nohlobo lwe-U-tube lunokujongana neengxaki zokwandiswa kwe-thermal phantsi kokwahlukana okukhulu kweqondo lokushisa kunye nokuphepha ukuguqulwa kwezixhobo kunye nokuvuza.
Yiyiphi imisebenzi ephambili yemveliso yabatshintshi bobushushu abasetyenziswa kwishishini lemichiza?
Imisebenzi yayo ijikeleza ekulawuleni ubushushu kunye nokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwamandla kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuvelisa imichiza, kwaye ingundoqo yayo ibandakanya;
1. Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu benkqubo
Ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ze-exothermic okanye i-endothermic ye-chemical reactions, ubushushu buyasuswa okanye buzaliswe kwakhona ngexesha langempela ukuqinisekisa inkqubela ezinzileyo ye-reaction.Ngokomzekelo, kwiimpendulo ze-exothermic ezifana ne-styrene{1}} i-polymerization ye-rubber ye-butadiene, ubushushu bunokulawulwa kwi-50-60 degree; kwimveliso ye-antibiotics, ulawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu be-± 0.5℃lunokufezekiswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokuhambelana.
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2. Inkunkuma yokubuyisela ubushushu kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla
Inkunkuma yobushushu obuvela kubushushu obuphezulu-kwirhasi ye-pyrolysis kunye{1}}nobushushu obuphezulu bamanzi amdaka) kwimveliso yemichiza inokufunyanwa kwaye isetyenziselwe ukufudumeza imathiriyeli ekrwada, ukwenza umphunga, okanye ukuqhuba ukuvelisa amandla, ukunciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. kwinkunkuma yokubuyisela ubushushu obuvela kwiziko legesi yamalahle, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwenkqubo kunokuphuculwa ngama-25%.
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3. I-condensation ephakathi kunye ne-vaporization
Yenza i-liquefaction kunye nokwahlula kweegesi zenkqubo okanye i-vaporization ye-media media ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuhlukana kweekhemikhali kunye nokuphendula.Ngokomzekelo, kwinkqubo yokuqhekeka kwe-ethylene, igesi eqhekekileyo kwi-850℃ipholile kwi-400 degree; ekubuyiseni isinyibilikisi, umphunga we-ethanol upholiswa ube lulwelo, ngelixa i-medium iphinda isetyenziswe.
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4. Intsebenziswano yokusingqongileyo kunye nokuhlaziywa kwezixhobo
Ekuphathweni kwamanzi amdaka kunye nezinye iinkqubo, ubushushu obumdaka obuvela kumanzi amdaka bunokubuyiswa kwakhona, ngelixa likwancedisa ekuhlaziyweni kwezinto ezingcolisayo okanye izibonelelo.Ngokomzekelo, kwi-electroplating yokucoca amanzi amdaka, inokubuyisela ubushushu benkunkuma ye-80℃degree kwaye ipholise ukuya kuma-40 degree, ngelixa iqonda ukubuyiswa kwemithombo yezinyithi ezinzima; kunyango lwamanzi{3}oxinaniso aphezulu amdaka, ayanceda ukugqiba umphunga kunye nenkqubo yoxinaniso.
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Ziziphi iindawo eziphambili zesicelo kunye neemeko ezigutyungelwe ngabatshintshi bokushisa abasetyenziswa kwishishini lemichiza?
A: Umda wokusetyenziswa kwawo ugubungela lonke ikhonkco loshishino lweekhemikhali kwaye unabela kwiinkalo zoshishino ezinxulumeneyo. Iimeko eziphambili ziquka:
1. Ishishini lepetrochemical:Iquka iinkqubo ezingundoqo ezifana ne-oyile ekrwada ye-atmospheric kunye ne-vacuum distillation, i-hydrocracking, i-ethylene cracking, kunye nokuveliswa kwe-synthetic ammonia kunye ne-methanol.Ngokomzekelo, ingasetyenziselwa ukupholisa igesi eqhekekileyo kwi-ethylene cracking furnaces, kunye nokupholisa igesi ye-synthesis kuxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-MPasis ye-ammonia ye-20.
2. Iikhemikhali ezilungileyo kunye namayeza:Ifanelekile kwizicelo ezifana nokuhlanganiswa kweekhemikhali ezilungileyo, ukuveliswa kwe-antibiotics, kunye neenkqubo zamanzi ahlambulukileyo.Ngokomzekelo, ingasetyenziselwa ukubuyiswa kobushushu bamanzi amdaka kwi-electroplating kunye namashishini ekhemikhali, kunye nakwishishini lamachiza, liyakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo ze-GMP zokucoceka kwezisombululo zamachiza kunye nokufezekisa ulawulo oluchanekileyo lweqondo lokushisa ngaphandle kwemvula yeeoni zetsimbi.
3. Ishishini lemichiza yamalahle:Isetyenziselwa ubukhulu becala-ubushushu obuphezulu benkunkuma yokubuyisela kwakhona ubushushu kwizitshizi zegesi. Ingabuyisa{2}}inkunkuma yobushushu obuphezulu beqondo le-1500 ukwenza{4}}uxinzelelo lomphunga ophezulu, iqhube ukuvelisa amandla einjini yomoya, iphucule ngokubonakalayo ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.
4. Amacandelo oshishino anxulumeneyo:Oku kuquka iimeko ezifana nokuxinana komphunga kwimizi-mveliso yamandla ashushu kunye nokutsalwa kobushushu benkunkuma kwimizi-mveliso yamandla enyukliya kushishino lwamandla, ukugcinwa kobisi kunye nokuxinana kwencindi kwishishini lokutya, kunye nokubuyiswa kobushushu benkunkuma kunye nokunyangwa kwamanzi amdaka ahlukeneyo kwimizi-mveliso kwindawo yokhuselo lokusingqongileyo.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga neeyunithi zokutshintsha ubushushu okanye unomdla wokuthenga, nceda uthumele i-imeyile ku- 9988xiaoshuai@gmail.com, siya kukuphendula kwangethuba emva kokubona umyalezo!
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